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- # mysql/mysqldb.py
- # Copyright (C) 2005-2022 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
- # <see AUTHORS file>
- #
- # This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
- # the MIT License: https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
- """
- .. dialect:: mysql+mysqldb
- :name: mysqlclient (maintained fork of MySQL-Python)
- :dbapi: mysqldb
- :connectstring: mysql+mysqldb://<user>:<password>@<host>[:<port>]/<dbname>
- :url: https://pypi.org/project/mysqlclient/
- Driver Status
- -------------
- The mysqlclient DBAPI is a maintained fork of the
- `MySQL-Python <https://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python>`_ DBAPI
- that is no longer maintained. `mysqlclient`_ supports Python 2 and Python 3
- and is very stable.
- .. _mysqlclient: https://github.com/PyMySQL/mysqlclient-python
- .. _mysqldb_unicode:
- Unicode
- -------
- Please see :ref:`mysql_unicode` for current recommendations on unicode
- handling.
- .. _mysqldb_ssl:
- SSL Connections
- ----------------
- The mysqlclient and PyMySQL DBAPIs accept an additional dictionary under the
- key "ssl", which may be specified using the
- :paramref:`_sa.create_engine.connect_args` dictionary::
- engine = create_engine(
- "mysql+mysqldb://scott:tiger@192.168.0.134/test",
- connect_args={
- "ssl": {
- "ssl_ca": "/home/gord/client-ssl/ca.pem",
- "ssl_cert": "/home/gord/client-ssl/client-cert.pem",
- "ssl_key": "/home/gord/client-ssl/client-key.pem"
- }
- }
- )
- For convenience, the following keys may also be specified inline within the URL
- where they will be interpreted into the "ssl" dictionary automatically:
- "ssl_ca", "ssl_cert", "ssl_key", "ssl_capath", "ssl_cipher",
- "ssl_check_hostname". An example is as follows::
- connection_uri = (
- "mysql+mysqldb://scott:tiger@192.168.0.134/test"
- "?ssl_ca=/home/gord/client-ssl/ca.pem"
- "&ssl_cert=/home/gord/client-ssl/client-cert.pem"
- "&ssl_key=/home/gord/client-ssl/client-key.pem"
- )
- If the server uses an automatically-generated certificate that is self-signed
- or does not match the host name (as seen from the client), it may also be
- necessary to indicate ``ssl_check_hostname=false``::
- connection_uri = (
- "mysql+pymysql://scott:tiger@192.168.0.134/test"
- "?ssl_ca=/home/gord/client-ssl/ca.pem"
- "&ssl_cert=/home/gord/client-ssl/client-cert.pem"
- "&ssl_key=/home/gord/client-ssl/client-key.pem"
- "&ssl_check_hostname=false"
- )
- .. seealso::
- :ref:`pymysql_ssl` in the PyMySQL dialect
- Using MySQLdb with Google Cloud SQL
- -----------------------------------
- Google Cloud SQL now recommends use of the MySQLdb dialect. Connect
- using a URL like the following::
- mysql+mysqldb://root@/<dbname>?unix_socket=/cloudsql/<projectid>:<instancename>
- Server Side Cursors
- -------------------
- The mysqldb dialect supports server-side cursors. See :ref:`mysql_ss_cursors`.
- """
- import re
- from .base import MySQLCompiler
- from .base import MySQLDialect
- from .base import MySQLExecutionContext
- from .base import MySQLIdentifierPreparer
- from .base import TEXT
- from ... import sql
- from ... import util
- class MySQLExecutionContext_mysqldb(MySQLExecutionContext):
- @property
- def rowcount(self):
- if hasattr(self, "_rowcount"):
- return self._rowcount
- else:
- return self.cursor.rowcount
- class MySQLCompiler_mysqldb(MySQLCompiler):
- pass
- class MySQLDialect_mysqldb(MySQLDialect):
- driver = "mysqldb"
- supports_statement_cache = True
- supports_unicode_statements = True
- supports_sane_rowcount = True
- supports_sane_multi_rowcount = True
- supports_native_decimal = True
- default_paramstyle = "format"
- execution_ctx_cls = MySQLExecutionContext_mysqldb
- statement_compiler = MySQLCompiler_mysqldb
- preparer = MySQLIdentifierPreparer
- def __init__(self, **kwargs):
- super(MySQLDialect_mysqldb, self).__init__(**kwargs)
- self._mysql_dbapi_version = (
- self._parse_dbapi_version(self.dbapi.__version__)
- if self.dbapi is not None and hasattr(self.dbapi, "__version__")
- else (0, 0, 0)
- )
- def _parse_dbapi_version(self, version):
- m = re.match(r"(\d+)\.(\d+)(?:\.(\d+))?", version)
- if m:
- return tuple(int(x) for x in m.group(1, 2, 3) if x is not None)
- else:
- return (0, 0, 0)
- @util.langhelpers.memoized_property
- def supports_server_side_cursors(self):
- try:
- cursors = __import__("MySQLdb.cursors").cursors
- self._sscursor = cursors.SSCursor
- return True
- except (ImportError, AttributeError):
- return False
- @classmethod
- def dbapi(cls):
- return __import__("MySQLdb")
- def on_connect(self):
- super_ = super(MySQLDialect_mysqldb, self).on_connect()
- def on_connect(conn):
- if super_ is not None:
- super_(conn)
- charset_name = conn.character_set_name()
- if charset_name is not None:
- cursor = conn.cursor()
- cursor.execute("SET NAMES %s" % charset_name)
- cursor.close()
- return on_connect
- def do_ping(self, dbapi_connection):
- try:
- dbapi_connection.ping(False)
- except self.dbapi.Error as err:
- if self.is_disconnect(err, dbapi_connection, None):
- return False
- else:
- raise
- else:
- return True
- def do_executemany(self, cursor, statement, parameters, context=None):
- rowcount = cursor.executemany(statement, parameters)
- if context is not None:
- context._rowcount = rowcount
- def _check_unicode_returns(self, connection):
- # work around issue fixed in
- # https://github.com/farcepest/MySQLdb1/commit/cd44524fef63bd3fcb71947392326e9742d520e8
- # specific issue w/ the utf8mb4_bin collation and unicode returns
- collation = connection.exec_driver_sql(
- "show collation where %s = 'utf8mb4' and %s = 'utf8mb4_bin'"
- % (
- self.identifier_preparer.quote("Charset"),
- self.identifier_preparer.quote("Collation"),
- )
- ).scalar()
- has_utf8mb4_bin = self.server_version_info > (5,) and collation
- if has_utf8mb4_bin:
- additional_tests = [
- sql.collate(
- sql.cast(
- sql.literal_column("'test collated returns'"),
- TEXT(charset="utf8mb4"),
- ),
- "utf8mb4_bin",
- )
- ]
- else:
- additional_tests = []
- return super(MySQLDialect_mysqldb, self)._check_unicode_returns(
- connection, additional_tests
- )
- def create_connect_args(self, url, _translate_args=None):
- if _translate_args is None:
- _translate_args = dict(
- database="db", username="user", password="passwd"
- )
- opts = url.translate_connect_args(**_translate_args)
- opts.update(url.query)
- util.coerce_kw_type(opts, "compress", bool)
- util.coerce_kw_type(opts, "connect_timeout", int)
- util.coerce_kw_type(opts, "read_timeout", int)
- util.coerce_kw_type(opts, "write_timeout", int)
- util.coerce_kw_type(opts, "client_flag", int)
- util.coerce_kw_type(opts, "local_infile", int)
- # Note: using either of the below will cause all strings to be
- # returned as Unicode, both in raw SQL operations and with column
- # types like String and MSString.
- util.coerce_kw_type(opts, "use_unicode", bool)
- util.coerce_kw_type(opts, "charset", str)
- # Rich values 'cursorclass' and 'conv' are not supported via
- # query string.
- ssl = {}
- keys = [
- ("ssl_ca", str),
- ("ssl_key", str),
- ("ssl_cert", str),
- ("ssl_capath", str),
- ("ssl_cipher", str),
- ("ssl_check_hostname", bool),
- ]
- for key, kw_type in keys:
- if key in opts:
- ssl[key[4:]] = opts[key]
- util.coerce_kw_type(ssl, key[4:], kw_type)
- del opts[key]
- if ssl:
- opts["ssl"] = ssl
- # FOUND_ROWS must be set in CLIENT_FLAGS to enable
- # supports_sane_rowcount.
- client_flag = opts.get("client_flag", 0)
- client_flag_found_rows = self._found_rows_client_flag()
- if client_flag_found_rows is not None:
- client_flag |= client_flag_found_rows
- opts["client_flag"] = client_flag
- return [[], opts]
- def _found_rows_client_flag(self):
- if self.dbapi is not None:
- try:
- CLIENT_FLAGS = __import__(
- self.dbapi.__name__ + ".constants.CLIENT"
- ).constants.CLIENT
- except (AttributeError, ImportError):
- return None
- else:
- return CLIENT_FLAGS.FOUND_ROWS
- else:
- return None
- def _extract_error_code(self, exception):
- return exception.args[0]
- def _detect_charset(self, connection):
- """Sniff out the character set in use for connection results."""
- try:
- # note: the SQL here would be
- # "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set%%'"
- cset_name = connection.connection.character_set_name
- except AttributeError:
- util.warn(
- "No 'character_set_name' can be detected with "
- "this MySQL-Python version; "
- "please upgrade to a recent version of MySQL-Python. "
- "Assuming latin1."
- )
- return "latin1"
- else:
- return cset_name()
- _isolation_lookup = set(
- [
- "SERIALIZABLE",
- "READ UNCOMMITTED",
- "READ COMMITTED",
- "REPEATABLE READ",
- "AUTOCOMMIT",
- ]
- )
- def _set_isolation_level(self, connection, level):
- if level == "AUTOCOMMIT":
- connection.autocommit(True)
- else:
- connection.autocommit(False)
- super(MySQLDialect_mysqldb, self)._set_isolation_level(
- connection, level
- )
- dialect = MySQLDialect_mysqldb
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